The Evolution of Psychology

Psychology has a fascinating history, evolving from ancient questions about the mind to a modern science. The word "psychology" comes from Greek roots meaning "study of the soul," but today it focuses on behavior and mental processes.

Major Approaches

• Structuralism: Early psychologists like Wilhelm Wundt wanted to break down mental processes into basic elements.
• Functionalism: William James argued that it's more important to understand the function of behavior and thoughts.
• Behaviorism: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner emphasized the role of observable behavior, not internal thoughts.
• Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud explored unconscious drives and childhood experiences.
• Humanistic Psychology: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on personal growth and self-actualization.
• Cognitive Psychology: Examines how we perceive, think, and remember information.
• Biological Psychology: Studies how our brain and biology influence behavior.

Why Does This Matter?

Understanding these approaches gives us a toolkit for explaining why people think, feel, and act the way they do.

Timeline

• 1879: First psychology lab established by Wundt.
• Early 1900s: Behaviorism takes center stage.
• 1950s–1960s: Cognitive revolution.
• Today: A mix of perspectives are used.

Real-World Impact

You may notice that counselors, teachers, and even marketers apply different psychological schools of thought to guide their work.