CLEP Biology

CLEP Biology covers fundamental concepts in biology, including cellular processes, genetics, evolution, and ecology, designed to help students earn college credit.

Advanced Topics

Cellular Processes: Respiration and Photosynthesis

How Cells Get and Use Energy

Cells need energy to survive. They use two key processes: cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration

This process takes glucose and oxygen and turns them into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It happens in the mitochondria and can be summarized by:

\[ \text{C}6\text{H}{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Energy} \]

Photosynthesis

Plants and some bacteria capture sunlight to make food. This occurs in the chloroplasts using:

\[ 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \text{C}6\text{H}{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \]

Interdependence

The products of photosynthesis fuel respiration, and vice versa. This cycle is crucial for life on Earth!

Examples

  • Your muscles use cellular respiration to contract when you run.

  • Plants convert sunlight to sugar, which animals then eat for energy.

In a Nutshell

Cells harness and convert energy through respiration and photosynthesis to power life.

Key Terms

ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy currency of the cell.
Chloroplast
Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.