free and natural conversations about contemporary or personally relevant topics

strictly academic discourse

only supervised conversations on specific topics, so the teacher can supervise language use by the students

None of these

the most important and fundamental factor in language acquisition

a purely theoretical construct, and thus unimportant in practical language acquisition

a detrimental idea to the early stages of language acquisition

an existentially irrelevant and pernicious term

Have the students gather in small groups to discuss the topic, generate a thesis, and write introductions that they then workshop as a group

Give the students an abundance of essays to take home, telling them they will produce their essays the next day

Have the students read several model essays, both positive and negative in advance, and then have them discuss the essays in small groups

None of these

avoid correcting all mistakes, and instead focus on providing consistent feedback in a specifically targeted area

correct every single mistake in order to provide the learner with maximum input

provide only a summary paragraph response that is encouraging; individual sentences should not be commented upon

Not applicable; beginning students should not be asked to write or read

the meaning of an individual word

the meaning of a sentence

the meaning of a phoneme

the meaning of a paragraph