Reactants and Products of Glycolysis - Biochemistry
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Glycolysis involves producing energy from carbohydrates. Often times, our foods don't have just glucose, but other sugars such as fructose (in table sugar) and galactose (in milk). Let's consider fructose.
Assuming fructose can be phosphorylated by hexokinase, in which step of glycolysis would fructose enter?
Glycolysis involves producing energy from carbohydrates. Often times, our foods don't have just glucose, but other sugars such as fructose (in table sugar) and galactose (in milk). Let's consider fructose.
Assuming fructose can be phosphorylated by hexokinase, in which step of glycolysis would fructose enter?
Fructose can be directly transformed into fructose-6-phosphate by hexokinase.
Fructose can be directly transformed into fructose-6-phosphate by hexokinase.
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In which of these steps of glycolysis is ATP notproduced nor is it hydrolyzed?
In which of these steps of glycolysis is ATP notproduced nor is it hydrolyzed?
The reaction turning glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is shown below
This step of glycolysis does not hydrolyze or generate ATP, even though a phosphate group was added onto the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The energy released when 
is reduced to 
, sometimes referred to as the energy of oxidation (of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate).
The reaction turning glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is shown below
This step of glycolysis does not hydrolyze or generate ATP, even though a phosphate group was added onto the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The energy released when
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Glucose is converted to __________ in glycolysis.
Glucose is converted to __________ in glycolysis.
Glycolysis, as the name suggests, is the process of lysing glucose into pyruvate. Since glucose is a six-carbon molecule and pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule, two molecules of pyruvate are produced for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and does not require oxygen. The net energy production is two ATP per glucose.
Glycolysis, as the name suggests, is the process of lysing glucose into pyruvate. Since glucose is a six-carbon molecule and pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule, two molecules of pyruvate are produced for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and does not require oxygen. The net energy production is two ATP per glucose.
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The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of __________ into __________.
The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of __________ into __________.
After glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate is converted into fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase.
After glucose is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate is converted into fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase.
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The sixth step of glycolysis results in the conversion of __________ to __________.
The sixth step of glycolysis results in the conversion of __________ to __________.
The sixth step of glycolysis involves the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH moves a hydrogen onto the electron acceptor 
An NADH is created for each molecule of G3P formed. A phosphate group from inorganic phosphate instead of ATP replaces the hydrogen group that was taken from G3P. This creates the molecule 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Remember that glucose is a six-carbon sugar, and that both G3P and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate are three-carbon sugars. Thus there are two of each of these three-carbon sugars yielded for each glucose that enters glycolysis.
The sixth step of glycolysis involves the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH moves a hydrogen onto the electron acceptor
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The seventh reaction of glycolysis involves the conversion of __________ to __________.
The seventh reaction of glycolysis involves the conversion of __________ to __________.
The seventh reaction of glycolysis is the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate. The phosphate group is transferred from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate onto ADP, yielding ATP. The conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.
The seventh reaction of glycolysis is the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate. The phosphate group is transferred from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate onto ADP, yielding ATP. The conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.
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The net reaction for glycolysis is __________.
The net reaction for glycolysis is __________.
One molecule of glucose produces two molecules of pyruvate. During this reaction, two ATP are used (steps 1 and 3) and four ATP are generated (two in step 6 and two in step 9), yielding a net production of 2 ATP per glucose. Also, one NADH is produced per glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to yield a total of 2 NADH per glucose.
One molecule of glucose produces two molecules of pyruvate. During this reaction, two ATP are used (steps 1 and 3) and four ATP are generated (two in step 6 and two in step 9), yielding a net production of 2 ATP per glucose. Also, one NADH is produced per glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to yield a total of 2 NADH per glucose.
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How many pyruvates are created from the complete glycolysis of one molecule of glucose?
How many pyruvates are created from the complete glycolysis of one molecule of glucose?
Glucose is a six-carbon molecule, and pyruvate is a three carbon molecule. From the name, we know that glycolysis involves the lysis, or splitting of glucose. As such, the products of glycolysis include two molecules of pyruvate.
Glucose is a six-carbon molecule, and pyruvate is a three carbon molecule. From the name, we know that glycolysis involves the lysis, or splitting of glucose. As such, the products of glycolysis include two molecules of pyruvate.
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Which of the following is true about the glycolysis pathway?
Which of the following is true about the glycolysis pathway?
Each glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules, with three carbon atoms each. During glycolysis, two NADH molecules are formed per glucose. Oxygen is not necessary -- one major feature of glycolysis is that it produces energy anaerobically. It yields ATP, with a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose consumed.
Each glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules, with three carbon atoms each. During glycolysis, two NADH molecules are formed per glucose. Oxygen is not necessary -- one major feature of glycolysis is that it produces energy anaerobically. It yields ATP, with a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose consumed.
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What is the net yield of ATP from glycolysis?
What is the net yield of ATP from glycolysis?
Two separate steps of glycolysis each create 2 ATP (4 ATP total). However, the first and third steps involved in this process require an input of energy in order to work. Thus, the net yield of ATP from glycolysis is actually only 2 ATP. These ATP are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.
Two separate steps of glycolysis each create 2 ATP (4 ATP total). However, the first and third steps involved in this process require an input of energy in order to work. Thus, the net yield of ATP from glycolysis is actually only 2 ATP. These ATP are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Which process involved in cellular respiration does not yield any high energy phosphate bonds?
Which process involved in cellular respiration does not yield any high energy phosphate bonds?
Glycolysis has a net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecules. The Krebs cycle produces 2 GTP molecules per glucose. The electron transport chain and ATP synthase are the main producers of ATP in cellular respiration. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, however, does not yield any ATP (or any other nucleoside phosphates). It simply produces acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, releasing one molecule of carbon dioxide per pyruvate.
Glycolysis has a net yield of 2 ATP per glucose molecules. The Krebs cycle produces 2 GTP molecules per glucose. The electron transport chain and ATP synthase are the main producers of ATP in cellular respiration. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, however, does not yield any ATP (or any other nucleoside phosphates). It simply produces acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, releasing one molecule of carbon dioxide per pyruvate.
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What enzymes in the glycolysis pathway in the liver catalyze irreversible reactions?
What enzymes in the glycolysis pathway in the liver catalyze irreversible reactions?
In the liver, glucokinase irreversibly converts glucose in the cell to glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructose kinase-1 irreversibly converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Pyruvate kinase converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. All the other enzymes listed catalyze reversible glycolysis reactions.
In the liver, glucokinase irreversibly converts glucose in the cell to glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructose kinase-1 irreversibly converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Pyruvate kinase converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. All the other enzymes listed catalyze reversible glycolysis reactions.
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