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Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is true?
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, using RNA as a template (hence it is the reverse of transcription). Restriction enzymes act only on DNA, not RNA, and they can cut bacterial as well as viral DNA—indeed, they can provide protection against viruses—and are found in archaea. Restriction enzymes can recognize specific sequences of nucleotides at restriction sites and cut DNA at these sites. Restriction enzymes do not create covalent bonds between adjacent exons after intron excision, rather this is done by tRNA splicing ligase.
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What is the role of xanthine oxidase?
I. The enzyme xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and, also, xanthine to uric acid.
II. Xanthine oxidase is involved in purine (nucleotides like adenine, guanine) degradation.
III. In diseases where there is a high production of purines, the enzyme's products (uric acid) can cause gout.
IV. Gout medication is designed to target xanthine oxidase.
Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme important in purine catabolism. Nucleotides from DNA degradation are metabolized to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.In diseases with high levels of nucleotide production, uric acid levels are also high and produce symptoms of gout (uric acid is deposited abnormally in tissues). Gout is treated with inhibitors of xanthine oxidase such as allopurinol, reducing the levels of uric acid and the symptoms of gout.
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