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Which enzyme(s) bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis in gluconeogenesis?
In the first step of gluconeogenesis, pyruvate carboxylase (with ATP and bicarbonate) converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Then phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) (with GTP) releases carbon dioxide to give phosphoenolpyruvate.
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Which one of the following statements about PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) synthesis is correct?
GTP and ATP are used to drive the reactions that make pyruvate into PEP. Specifically, ATP catalyzes PEP carboxylase and GTP catalyzes PEP carboxykinase. A mutase moves phosphate groups already on a molecule, so it cannot be used to introduce one. The citric acid cycle can make pyruvate into any of the citric acid intermediates, but PEP isn't one of them. Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme that makes pyruvate into PEP, which is only favorable in the forward direction.
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