Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is essential for fatty acid synthesis. Which of the following factors regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

I. Glucagon

II. Citrate

III. Palmitoyl-CoA

IV. Insulin

Insulin regulates both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Which of the following enzymes are regulated by insulin?

I. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

II. Fatty acid synthase

III. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

IV. Glucokinase

During fatty acid synthesis, or lipogenesis, acetyl-CoA is transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol as which of the following?

What is the importance of the citrate shuttle in lipid biosynthesis?

I. It requires the activity of citrate lyase

II. Acetyl-CoA is converted to citrate in the mitochondria, which is then moved across the mitochondrial membrane

III. The process makes acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria available for fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol

IV. Oxaloacetate in the cytoplasm is moved directly back in the mitochondria

Which of the following best characterizes the series of functional groups which are formed during fatty acid synthesis?