Harem

Hajj

Hijab

Zakat

Salat

Mongol women remained relatively independent and retained their property ownership rights.

Mongol women adopted Chinese culture, including the practice of foot-binding.

Mongol women lost status due to adoption of Confucian ideals that advocated a strict gender hierarchy.

Mongol women suffered from political and cultural isolation as Mongol men adopted a preference for women who had undergone foot-binding.

Mongol women were prevented from hunting and martial activities but maintained some power over their households.