In 541, a devastating outbreak of bubonic plague exploded in the Byzantine Empire killing over 25 million inhabitants. Which ruling Byzantine emperor was this outbreak named after?

Population growth and state building in Sub-Saharan Africa was hindered by __________.

I. The prevalence of insect-borne diseases

II. A wildly fluctuating climate

III. The absence of organized religion

IV. Geographical barriers, like the Sahara Desert

During the latter years of Justinian’s reign the population of the Byzantine Empire _____________.