Intrastate commerce

Interstate commerce

Foreign interactions

Bankruptcy laws

Defense

declare war on a foreign nation.

deploy troops in an ongoing conflict.

promote and demote military commanders.

move troops around the globe.

launch small scale conflicts.

Article IV

Article VI

Article VII

Article III

Article II

Congress threatened to withhold federal highway funds until each state complied with federal drinking age regulations.

Congress threatened to withhold education funds until each state complied with federal driver licensing regulations.

Congress threatened to withhold farming subsidies until each state complied with federal food safety regulations.

Congress threatened to withhold air travel subsidies until each state complied with federal education curriculum regulations.

Congress threatened to withhold export permits until each state complied with federal pollution regulations.

A categorical grant comes with many specific rules as to how the state may spend the money; a block grant comes with few rules.

A block grant comes with many specific rules as to how the state may spend the money; a categorical grant comes with few rules.

A block grant can only be given to certain states; a categorical grant can be given to all states.

A categorical grant can only be granted by the president; a block grant can only be granted by the Congress.

A block grant may be spent for narrowly defined purposes; a categorical grant may be spent for broadly defined purposes.