A study is trying to determine if a particular medication (Y) is effective in weight loss. Patients participating in the study were randomly assigned to groups A, B, C, D, or E. Group A will receive one dose of Y, Group B will receive two doses of Y, Group C will receive three doses of Y, Group D will receive four doses of Y, and Group E will serve as the control group.

Which group will be receiving the placebo (a sugar pill)?

To test if vitamin C actually makes people feel better, a vitamin company decides to run a 5-day study where they give one group of 100 sick participants vitamin C pills and another group of 100 sick people placebo pills, and monitored another group of 100 sick people who took no pills.

At the end of the 5-day experiment, 90 participants in the vitamin C group reported feeling better. 30 participants in the no-pill group felt better after the 5-day period. Interestingly, 50 participants in the placebo group felt better after the 5-day period.

What could explain these numbers?