A study would like to determine whether meditation helps students improve focus time. They used a control group of 30 students and compared their focus time to a group of 30 meditating students and compared their average time spent meditating. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for this study?

A study would like to determine whether meditation helps students improve focus time. They know that the average focus time of an American 4th grader is 23 minutes. They then recruit 50 meditators and calculate their average focus time. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for this study?

A researcher wants to determine whether there is a significant linear relationship between time spent meditating and time spent studying. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for this study?

A researcher wants to compare 3 different treatments to see if any of the treatments affects study time. The three treatments studied are control group, a group given vitamins, and a group given a placebo. They found that the average time spent studying with control students was 2 hours, with students given vitamins it was 3 hours, and with placebos students studied 5 hours. Which of the following is the correct null hypothesis?

A researcher wants to investigate the claim that taking vitamins will help a student study longer. First, the researcher collects 32 students who do not take vitamins and determines their time spent studying. Then, the 32 students are given a vitamin for 1 week. After 1 week of taking vitamins, students are again tested to determine their time spent studying. Which of the following is the correct null hypothesis?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wants to test the pollution level of the Colorado River. If the pollution level is too high, the water will be stopped from going into drinking water pipelines. The EPA randomly chooses different spots along the river to collect water samples from, and then tests the samples for their pollution levels. Which of the following decisions would result from the type I error?

A student is beginning an analysis to determine whether there is a relationship between temperatures and traffic accidents. The student is trying to articulate a null hypothesis for the study. Which of the following is an acceptable null hypothesis?

For her school science project, Susy wants to determine whether the ants in her neighborhood have smaller colonies than average. Research tells her that the average Harvester colony has around 4,000 ants. She counts the number of ants in 5 colonies in her neighborhood and determines the average colony size to be 3,700 ants. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for her science project?

For his school science project, Timmy wants to determine whether the ants in his neighborhood have colonies that are sized differently than normal. His research shows that the average Harvester colony has around 4000 ants. He counts the number of ants in 5 colonies and determines that the average colony size is 3,700 ants. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for his science project?

A statistician has determined that she will reject the null hypothesis if she can have confidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables in question. She conducts a statistical analysis and obtains a p value of . Should the statistician reject the null hypothesis?