AP Physics B

AP Physics B covers fundamental concepts in physics, including mechanics, thermodynamics, and waves, preparing students for college-level physics courses.

Basic Concepts

Waves and Sound

The Nature of Waves

Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through space or matter. They come in two main types: mechanical (like sound) and electromagnetic (like light).

Characteristics of Waves

  • Wavelength: Distance between two crests or troughs.
  • Frequency: Number of waves passing a point per second.
  • Amplitude: Height of the wave, related to its energy.

Sound Waves

Sound is a mechanical wave that travels through air (or other media). It needs a medium to move—no sound in space!

Applications

Waves explain musical instruments, cell phone signals, and even how we see and hear.

Examples

  • Plucking a guitar string creates sound waves you can hear.

  • Ocean waves carry surfers to shore.

In a Nutshell

Waves carry energy and information, making sound, music, and communication possible.