Understanding Musical Notation

Musical notation is the written language of music. It uses symbols to represent pitches, rhythms, and other musical elements so that musicians can read and perform music worldwide.

The Staff

Music is written on a set of five lines called a staff. Notes are placed on these lines and spaces to indicate pitch.

• Treble clef (𝄞) is used for higher-pitched instruments like the violin and flute.
• Bass clef (𝄢) is used for lower-pitched instruments like the cello and bass guitar.

Notes and Rests

Notes show pitch and duration. The shape of the note tells you how long to play it, while its position tells you which note to play.

• Whole note: 4 beats
• Half note: 2 beats
• Quarter note: 1 beat
• Eighth note: 1/2 beat

Rests represent silence for the same durations as notes.

Time Signatures and Key Signatures

A time signature tells you how many beats are in each measure and what note value gets the beat (e.g., 4/4, 3/4). A key signature shows which notes are sharp or flat throughout a piece.

Why Learn Notation?

Being able to read music lets you play any song, communicate with other musicians, and even write your own pieces!