Card 0 of 20
Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni,
Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe
ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;
quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam
posthabita coluisse Samo
Translate "tenuere."
The form "tenuere" is a shortened form of the word "tenuerunt." These shortened forms are recognizable by the use of the perfect stem ("teneo,""tenere," "tenui," "tentus") plus the "ere"ending. Therefore, the correct translation is they held.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.12-16)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat.
Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi
imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces.
"Corripuere" translates as __________.
The form "corripuere" is a shortened form of the word "corripuerunt." These shortened forms are recognizable by the use of the perfect stem ("corripio," "corripere," "corripui," "correptus") plus the "ere"ending. Therefore, the correct translation is they seized.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.418-420)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 5
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant
ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 10
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus. 15
How is the underlined word "alta"in line 3 translated?
The word "alta"can, confusingly enough, refer to both high and low places. Its meaning all depends on the context of the sentence it is in. Here, Neptune is mentioned. Since one of the translations for "alta"(in context) is sea, this makes sense as the translation. Additionally, the word "alta"is being modified by the word "tranquilla"(peaceful or tranquil), a word that is commonly used to describe the ocean in Latin text.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 2.201-215)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Hinc via Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas.
turbidus hic caeno vastaque voragine gurges
aestuat atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam.
Portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat
terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento 5
canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma,
sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus.
Ipse ratem conto subigit velisque ministrat
et ferruginea subvectat corpora cumba,
iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus. 10
Huc omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat,
matres atque viri defunctaque corpora vita
magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae,
impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum . . .
How is "ora" (line 14) translated?
The best translation for "ora" is faces. While "ora"comes from "os, oris,"which means mouth, it is often used to refer to a person's face or expression. In context here, however, faces makes the most sense.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.295-308)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Aeneas miratus enim motusque tumultu
'dic,' ait, 'o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amnem?
quidve petunt animae? vel quo discrimine ripas
hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt?'
olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos: 5
'Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles,
Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem,
di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen.
haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est . . .
What is the translation of "olli"(line 5)?
"Olli" is an old form of "ille, illa, illud."He is using Old Latin like a modern writer using a word like "hence" or "thy." "Olli" declines in the same fashion as "ille, illa, illud." "Olli"here is most likely in the dative case since it does not make sense for it to be nominative (the verb is not plural). So, it is making a statement that refers to a particular person.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.317-325)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Aeneas miratus enim motusque tumultu
'dic,' ait, 'o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amnem?
quidve petunt animae? vel quo discrimine ripas
hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt?'
olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos: 5
'Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles,
Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem,
di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen.
haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est . . .
"Di" (line 8) translates as which of the following?
The word "di"is a shortened form of "dei,"from the word "deus, dei."This form is always the nominative or vocative plural and translates as gods.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.317-325)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido
errabat silva in magna; quam Troius heros
ut primum iuxta stetit agnovitque per umbras
obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense
aut videt aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, 5
demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est:
'infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo
venerat exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam?
funeris heu tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro,
per superos et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, 10
inuitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi.
"Ut" (line 3) translates as which of the following?
"Ut"in this line is not accompanied by a subjunctive verb. Therefore, that rules out that and so that as translations. The most appropriate translation is as because the word is being used to indicate a sequence of events. "Ut" does not translate as why.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.450-460)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido
errabat silva in magna; quam Troius heros
ut primum iuxta stetit agnovitque per umbras
obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense
aut videt aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, 5
demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est:
'infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo
venerat exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam?
funeris heu tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro,
per superos et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, 10
inuitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi.
The word "de"(line 11) is best translated as which of the following?
All of the above answer choices are possible translations of "de," but the use of the word "cessi"(I ran)makes from the most appropriate choice due to context: I ran from you and the shore.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.450-460)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit:
'aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis
ingreditur victorque viros supereminet omnis.
hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu
sistet eques, sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, 5
tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino.'
atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire videbat
egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis,
sed frons laeta parum et deiecto lumina vultu)
'quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? 10
filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum?
qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso!
"Hic"(line 4) translates as __________.
"Hic"can also be used to indicate direction when not referring to any particular person. Vergil is using "hic" here to indicate a sequence of events.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.854-865)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit:
'aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis
ingreditur victorque viros supereminet omnis.
hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu
sistet eques, sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, 5
tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino.'
atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire videbat
egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis,
sed frons laeta parum et deiecto lumina vultu)
'quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? 10
filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum?
qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso!
The word "eques" (line 5) translates as __________.
The word "eques" comes form "eques, equitis" and is the word for a knight or equestrian. This word can be used to both refer to cavalry or the Roman business class. The use of this word here is to probably denote one of the original founders of Rome (of the upper class).
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.854-865)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit:
'aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis
ingreditur victorque viros supereminet omnis.
hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu
sistet eques, sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, 5
tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino.'
atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire videbat
egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis,
sed frons laeta parum et deiecto lumina vultu)
'quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? 10
filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum?
qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso!
The word "lumina"(line 9) is best translated as __________.
"Lumina"is often used to refer to eyes, in addition to actual lights. We know that eyes is the best translation here because the author is talking about a facial expression: the eyes on the downturned face.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.854-865)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem, 5
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
What is the best translation of "conderet"(line 5)?
The word "conderet" comes from "condo, condere, condidi, conditus,"which means to found, especially when in reference to a city, country, etc.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.1-7)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni,
Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe
ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;
quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam
posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma, 5
hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,
si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.
Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces
How does "hic"in line 6 translate?
The word "hic" is often translated as here if it is being used to show direction. It is possible that "hic" is modifying "currus," but it is used in the same way in the phrase "hicillius arma,"in which "hic"definitely cannot modify "arma_._"
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.1-7)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu
contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras.
Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum
efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto
frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos.
The subject of "vertuntur" in line 2 is __________.
In the context of this passage, both "litora"and "oras" are in the accusative plural case. That narrows the choices down to "Libyae" and "Aeneadae"; however, "Libya,""Libyae" is the name in Latin for the North African region, which means it makes little sense for it to be plural here. In fact, it is in the genitive singular, describing the word "oras_."_ Additionally, the word "vertuntur" translates as they are turned, which makes no sense for a country. Due to the context of the passage, it makes most sense for "vertuntur" to apply to the "Aeneadae," who are described as doing various actions as they sail for the Libyan shores.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.157-161)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur,
dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno,
regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido,
incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva.
In these lines, we learn that __________.
In this passage, a crowd is staring at Dido. We can tell this because of the many words used describing this action:
"Aeneae miranda videntur": it seems she must be admired (gazed at) by Aeneas
"stupet": he is astounded
"obtutuque": and with a gaze
and so on.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 1.494-497)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 5
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant
ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 10
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus. 15
Who is Laocoon?
In line 1 of the passage, Laocoon is identified as a priest of Neptune: "Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos"(Laocoon, a priest led by lot to Neptune).
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 2.201-215)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 5
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant
ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 10
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus. 15
In lines 1-2, we learn that Laocoon is __________.
Line 2 translates as he was sacrificing a huge bull as a ritual offering at the altars. Laocoon is making a sacrifice to Neptune.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 2.201-215)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 5
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant
ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 10
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus. 15
In lines 3-5, we learn that __________.
The phrase "Ecce autem gemini . . . angues"translates as, "Behold! Twin serpents . . ." These lines are talking about the appearance of two huge serpents from the sea.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 2.201-215)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 5
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant
ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 10
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus. 15
In lines 12-15 ("illi...artus"), we learn that __________.
In these lines of the passage, the author is describing the serpents tearing Laocoon limb from limb. The lines loosely translate as:
They seek Laocoon in a certain crowd and, at once, each serpent of the two (entwined around the small body parts) wrap around the miserable limbs and he (Laocoon) is devoured with a bite.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 2.201-215)
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Hinc via Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas.
turbidus hic caeno vastaque voragine gurges
aestuat atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam.
Portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat
terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento 5
canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma,
sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus.
Ipse ratem conto subigit velisque ministrat
et ferruginea subvectat corpora cumba,
iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus. 10
Huc omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat,
matres atque viri defunctaque corpora vita
magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae,
impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum . . .
In this exerpt, the author is describing __________.
In this passage, the author is describing the journey to the underworld. We know this because Charon, the ferryman to the underworld, is mentioned, in addition to other words that translate as the underworld, bodies, Acheron, Cocytus and so on. All of these words refer to the underworld.
(Passage adapted from the Aeneid by Vergil, 6.295-308)
Compare your answer with the correct one above