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A key problem poorer inner-city neighborhoods in America face due to their geographical position is __________.
In major American cities, poor urban areas suffer from a variety of problems due to a few specific realities of their geographic locations. Poor inner-city neighborhoods are usually much more densely populated than their wealthier counterparts, but with fewer amenities due to their worse infrastructure. One of the best examples of the problems produced by these issues is the lack of quality food options from high-end grocers, farmers' markets, or specialty stores.
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Finding a coffee shop and a sandwich shop next door to one another is an example of __________.
Agglomeration is a real-world marketing ploy in which establishments are located close to one another to help convince like-minded consumers who may walk out of one establishment and want to go to another. For example, coffee shops and sandwich shops tend to be located close to one another with the idea that customers may leave the coffee shop and want a sandwich, or vice versa.
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Counter urbanization is most likely to occur in __________.
“Counter urbanization” refers to the process by which a significant portion of the population of an urban center starts to migrate away from the city to live in suburbs or rural areas. This of course cannot happen without large-scale urbanization and the acquisition of wealth so it is most likely to occur in highly developed regions.
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An exurbanite is someone who __________.
An “exurbanite” is someone who has left the inner city to live in the suburbs. It may also describe people who used to live in the city in general who have moved to rural areas. Someone who works in the city and lives in the suburbs is called a "suburbanite."
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The term __________ is applied to young people who move back into inner city areas and away from suburbs in search of close proximity to work and entertainment.
The term “yuppie” is a reasonably modern term that is derived from “young professional.” It is a term usually applied to young, reasonably affluent people who move from the suburbs into inner city areas in search of close proximity to work and entertainment.
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Which of the following terms describes urban renewal that leads to the displacement of the occupying demographic, and is often associated with rising property values in low-income urban areas?
Gentrification describes urban renewal that leads to the displacement of the occupying demographic. It is commonly associated with rising property values in previously low-income urban areas, which may force current residents to move away.
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Which of these terms is used to describe the process by which an urban neighborhood transitions from housing mostly people of a low-income status to house people of a middle or high-income status?
The term “gentrification” is applied fairly liberally in contemporary American geographical language. It primarily refers to the process by which an urban or suburban neighborhood transitions from housing people of mostly low-income status to housing middle class families. In some expressions it can have racist connotations.
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Which of these is a notable downside of gentrification?
The term “gentrification” is used to describe the process by which affluent, middle-class families return to inner city neighborhoods from the suburbs. Although generally considered a positive trend because it contributes to urban revitalization, it has some negative consequences. One of these is that lower-income families can no longer afford the rent or cost of living in the neighborhood and are forced to relocate.
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Which of these is NOT a sign that gentrification is occurring?
When gentrification is occurring, the pattern generally observed is an increase in ownership of homes and a decrease in renters. Since the low-income population moves out and a higher-income population moves in, these people who make more money can afford to actually buy their homes instead of renting.
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Gentrification has many supporters as well as critics. Which of these would be a statement that a supporter of gentrification would agree with?
All of the statements above would be supported by critics of gentrification, except the statement about historic preservation. When gentrification happens, an area that was previously deteriorated gets renovated, and any historical locations within that area get preserved.
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The real estate practice, commonly practiced throughout the twentieth century, of scaring white residents into selling inner city property and moving to the suburbs by promoting fears of minorities moving into the neighborhood is called __________.
The term “blockbusting” is used to refer to a common practice in the real estate business in the twentieth century (in some places it persists to this day). It involves a realtor trying to intimidate a white property owner into selling inner city property and moving to the suburbs. The realtor convinces the white property owner that the neighborhood is “in decline” due to the large numbers of minorities moving into the area. This process accelerated the rate of suburbanization in the twentieth century. Due to its obviously racist implications and manipulative nature “blockbusting” has long been controversial.
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Which of the following best describes the government policy that the Federal Government is referring to when it uses the term environmental justice?
The Federal Government defines environmental justice as the official government policy that all American citizens deserve to be treated equally with regard to the passage and application of environmental laws— regardless of where they live. This policy emerged out of fear that environmental issues like pollution were disproportionately affecting lower-income communities.
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Why do squatter settlements exist in poorly developed nations?
By definition, a squatter settlement is a collection of buildings aimed to provide housing and shelter for poor people in a city. The people who live in squatter settlements do not have legal rights to the land upon which they are built; therefore, they are living there illegally. Squatter settlements are a housing alternative when affordable housing is otherwise hard to come by in a city.
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What name is given to a portion of land reserved for farms, parks, and forests to prevent the continuation of an urban sprawl?
Many contemporary cities have enacted measures to prevent the continuous urban sprawl that results from their ever-growing populations. They reserve a portion of land for farms, parks, forests, and other such things. This is called a “greenbelt.”
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A city’s metropolitan area includes __________.
The “metropolitan area” of a city is defined as all the areas surrounding a city that can be said to have a high-level of economic or social integration with the city. So, if the majority of people who live in an area outside of a city’s political limits still commute to the city for work, school, or recreation than that area is said to be within the city’s “metropolitan area.” The definition is based on economic and social integration, NOT on physical proximity.
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The highly urbanized stretch of land that runs along the eastern seaboard of the United States, from Boston to Washington D.C., is an example of a(n) __________.
The term “megalopolis” is used to describe a stretch of land that contains multiple cities and connecting suburban regions. The stretch of land from Boston to Washington D.C. also includes New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and all the attending suburban areas. It is a highly urbanized stretch of land and therefore it is called a “megalopolis.”
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Which of these is a feature of ghettoization in American cities?
The term “ghettoization” is used to refer to the degradation of inner cities in America. It occurs when affluent white Americans move out of inner cities to the suburbs and this population is replaced with much poorer populations. It occurred throughout the United States in the twentieth century and is one of the more significant problems facing American cities in the twenty-first century.
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