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The largest effect of increased mechanization in modern agriculture has been __________.
Since the late nineteenth century, agricultural production has come to rely increasingly on mechanized means of production and farm equipment. This has greatly shifted the way crops are grown, with more cash crops grown in large monoculture plots by large corporations. Most significantly, all of these changes mean that fewer and fewer farm laborers are needed to grow the same amount of crops.
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Which of the following provides the best example of quinary economic activity?
Quinary economic activity is defined as research and higher education. Developing seeds at a public land grant college best fits this definition, because research is being applied to increase economic activity in another sector.
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Which of the following is an example of tertiary economic activity in agribusiness?
Tertiary economic activity is the act of serving as an intermediary between producers and consumers to facilitate trade. Finding buyers for fair trade coffee and initiating the trade between them and consumers for a cut of the profit best fits this definition.
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Which of the following provides the best example of quaternary economic activity?
Quaternary economic activity refers mostly to information on market trends and the trade of goods. An economic consultant who recommends purchases for large companies best fits this definition.
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Which of the following is the best example of primary economic activity?
Primary economic activity is defined as the act of directly harvesting natural resources. Logging tree stands for a living would be the best example of all provided choices.
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Which of these is not an example of a luxury crop?
A “luxury crop” is a crop that is grown to serve some purpose other than sustaining human life. All of these crops are consumed for reasons other than nutrition and so are called “luxury crops.”
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The cultivation of drugs for sale is referred to as __________.
The cultivation of drugs, like marijuana and opiates, for the purpose of sale on the black market is referred to as “narco-agriculture.” "Aquaculture" refers to the farming and cultivation of fish, crustaceans, and other sea life in controlled, designated environments. "Black market agriculture" refers to the sale of conventional agricultural products (like corn or wheat) for sale in non-sanctioned marketplaces, usually to avoid price-controls, taxes, or tariffs. Although the farming of poppies has been associated with the production of opiate drugs, this is too specific a term to be correct in this instance (the growing of marijuana or coca plants also fall under the umbrella of "narco-agriculture"). "Horticulture" simply refers to the intentional cultivation of plants.
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Each year more and more agricultural land is owned by __________.
Each year a larger and larger share of the world’s agricultural land is owned by multinational agribusiness. These multinational corporations buy up agricultural land in the developing world at a rapid rate and control almost every step in the process of producing, shipping, and selling agricultural products.
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The growth of agribusiness has led to a decline in __________.
The growth of agribusiness, particularly multinational corporations, in the previous half-century has led to a marked decline around the world in small-land holdings and family-run farms. Agricultural production and efficiency have both increased and government interference is fairly consistent.
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In the past century the average size of farms in the United States has __________.
In the past century the average size of farms in the United States has increased dramatically. This general trend can be applied globally and to most of human history as well. This is because it is more profitable and efficient to farm on larger scales than it is to farm on smaller scales. The general trend is that more and more agricultural land is being consolidated into fewer and fewer hands and larger tracts of property.
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Who is responsible for coining the term "agribusiness"?
John Davis and Ray Goldberg wrote the book A Concept of Agribusiness in 1957 through the Harvard Business School. In 1952, Harvard Business school launched their own program studying the connection between agriculture and business. The research conducted by Davis and Goldberg is the first product of research from this school of study.
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What is the best term for the range of activities that deal with modern food production?
The term agribusiness was created to refer to the many processes that surround the economics of farming. The processes include the actual farming of the crop, to later sales, marketing and distribution.
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What is an example of an agribusiness?
The only option that involves agriculture is the company that produces the fruit juices.
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Which of the following is true?
The study of agribusiness is referred to as agribusiness management. This name comes from the combination of agricultural economics and and management studies.
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Which of the following two points were the key driving forces behind the Green Revolution?
The Green Revolution was a response to an exponential increase in the global human population (from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6 billion in 2000) and advances in technology that allowed for the mass production of chemical fertilizers (e.g. the development of the Haber-Bosch process). Previously, global agriculture was highly dependent on organic fertilizers such as mulch and animal/human manure, and dwindling nitrate deposits that had to be mined and transported.
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The Green Revolution resulted in an increase in production of cereal grains in the developing world, providing "cheap" calories for growing populations. By roughly what percent did cereal grain production increase throughout the course of the green revolution?
During the Green Revolution, cereal grain production (and total caloric production for that matter) doubled, resulting in a 100% increase, one of the largest increases in food production in human history.
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During which decade in the twentieth century did the Green Revolution result in exponential increases in food production (particularly that of cereal grains) worldwide?
While the process of synthesizing nitrogen fertilizers on an industrial scale had been around since the early twentieth century (e.g. the Haber-Bosch nitrogen fixation process, which was developed in 1909), this technology and infrastructure did not expand and become established in the developed world until the 1960s. This resulted in an increase of cheap and abundant cereal grains in famine-stricken countries.
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Which of the following was NOT a positive result of the Green Revolution?
The agricultural expansion and increases in food production achieved during the Green Revolution were the result of fertilizers synthesized on an industrial scale using fossil fuels. Traditional farming methods (e.g. organic methods that emphasized the use of natural fertilizers) were largely replaced across the world with commercial agriculture that relies heavily on industrial fertilizers derived from petroleum.
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Which of the following is the leading cause of hunger in the world in 2015?
Fortunately, our current food system has the capability to feed the entire human population, thanks in large part to chemical fertilizers. In addition, with improved transportation and commercialization of food, local crop failure and natural disasters pose less of a threat of famine then before industrialized agriculture. Currently, the leading cause of malnourishment worldwide is a result of war and government instability. A modern example of this is the displacement of subsistence farmers in the Darfur region of Sudan, who were capable of growing their own food for generations before their government waged war on their communities, resulting in their dependence on foreign aid.
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the global industrialization of agriculture initiated by the Green Revolution?
Some of the issues with the industrialization of agriculture include a high investment of fossil fuel energy to produce food, as well as the resulting pollution from fertilizer runoff and the widespread development of monocultures; however, increased use of pesticides and improvements in global food security have largely abated the threat of crop failures.
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