Health Impacts - AP Environmental Science
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This pollutant is typically credited for promoting dental health, but in water in high quantities, health impacts include yellowing teeth and spinal cord damage.
This pollutant is typically credited for promoting dental health, but in water in high quantities, health impacts include yellowing teeth and spinal cord damage.
Fluoride in high doses is extremely problematic, making it a concerning pollutant. It is extremely prevalent in products used in dental health. Because these are products that are generally washed away, fluoride is of special concern as a water pollutant.
Fluoride in high doses is extremely problematic, making it a concerning pollutant. It is extremely prevalent in products used in dental health. Because these are products that are generally washed away, fluoride is of special concern as a water pollutant.
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Excessive fertilizer use creates abundances of __________ in soil and groundwater.
Excessive fertilizer use creates abundances of __________ in soil and groundwater.
Nitrates, a form of nitrogen, are a severe problem in drinking water that has been contaminated with fertilizers. Sewage and fertilizer often go hand in hand from agricultural areas. Arsenic and chlorine are concerning pollutants, but generally not present due to fertilizer use.
Nitrates, a form of nitrogen, are a severe problem in drinking water that has been contaminated with fertilizers. Sewage and fertilizer often go hand in hand from agricultural areas. Arsenic and chlorine are concerning pollutants, but generally not present due to fertilizer use.
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Carbon monoxide limits oxygen delivery to the body's organs and tissues. 95% of carbon monoxide emissions in cities comes from __________.
Carbon monoxide limits oxygen delivery to the body's organs and tissues. 95% of carbon monoxide emissions in cities comes from __________.
Only 5% of carbon monoxide in cities does not originate from car exhaust. Though industrial facilities are a major concern as a source of pollution, regarding carbon monoxide specifically, automobiles have a much higher impact.
Only 5% of carbon monoxide in cities does not originate from car exhaust. Though industrial facilities are a major concern as a source of pollution, regarding carbon monoxide specifically, automobiles have a much higher impact.
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Each of the following is an example of a waterborne disease EXCEPT:
Each of the following is an example of a waterborne disease EXCEPT:
Tuberculosis has an airborne mechanism of transmission. Cholera, typhoid, polio, and meningitis are all diseases capable of waterborne transmission.
Tuberculosis has an airborne mechanism of transmission. Cholera, typhoid, polio, and meningitis are all diseases capable of waterborne transmission.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of bioaccumulation?
Which of the following is NOT an example of bioaccumulation?
Bioaccumulation is the process of a toxin entering an organism at a rate faster than it is evacuated. Toxins from food poisoning are expelled by the body's response to evacuate the substance, while mercury in seafood or lead in waterfowl populations tend to accumulate over time.
Bioaccumulation is the process of a toxin entering an organism at a rate faster than it is evacuated. Toxins from food poisoning are expelled by the body's response to evacuate the substance, while mercury in seafood or lead in waterfowl populations tend to accumulate over time.
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Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?
Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?
A primary pollutant comes from a direct source, while a secondary pollutant is formed by chemical reactions from primary pollutants in the environment. 
(sulfuric acid) is a product of chemical reactions in the environment, producing acid rain.
A primary pollutant comes from a direct source, while a secondary pollutant is formed by chemical reactions from primary pollutants in the environment.
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Which of the following toxins is most likely to cause a birth defect?
Which of the following toxins is most likely to cause a birth defect?
A teratogen is most likely to cause a birth defect. Exposure to a teratogen specifically causes deformities in an embryo.
A teratogen is most likely to cause a birth defect. Exposure to a teratogen specifically causes deformities in an embryo.
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A skull and crossbones symbol on a container indicates that the contents are __________.
A skull and crossbones symbol on a container indicates that the contents are __________.
Skull and crossbones indicates poison. Corrosive materials are labelled "corrosive" and signs indicating the substance corroding metal may be present. Flammable materials are marked with flames.
Skull and crossbones indicates poison. Corrosive materials are labelled "corrosive" and signs indicating the substance corroding metal may be present. Flammable materials are marked with flames.
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Smog is primarily made up of __________.
Smog is primarily made up of __________.
Ozone is created when sunlight reacts with nitrous oxides and other pollutants, many of which originate from gasoline vapors, combustion products, etc. It is harmful when breathed. On hot days, some metropolitan areas issue smog warnings.
Ozone is created when sunlight reacts with nitrous oxides and other pollutants, many of which originate from gasoline vapors, combustion products, etc. It is harmful when breathed. On hot days, some metropolitan areas issue smog warnings.
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This pollutant is not easily excreted. Accumulations of this pollutant in the body can affect the kidneys, liver, and nervous system. The largest concentrations of this pollutant are found near battery plants and smelters.
This pollutant is not easily excreted. Accumulations of this pollutant in the body can affect the kidneys, liver, and nervous system. The largest concentrations of this pollutant are found near battery plants and smelters.
Lead, a heavy metal, accumulates in the body. Children are especially susceptible to airborne lead. Iron, also a metal, can be problematic in large quantities, but is also necessary in extremely small amounts for proper function.
Lead, a heavy metal, accumulates in the body. Children are especially susceptible to airborne lead. Iron, also a metal, can be problematic in large quantities, but is also necessary in extremely small amounts for proper function.
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Which author first brought the issue of bioaccumulation into the public's eye?
Which author first brought the issue of bioaccumulation into the public's eye?
Rachel Carson's novel Silent Spring brought widespread attention to the damage of bioaccumulation in ecosystems. Her outcry against the dangerous chemical DDT (dichlorophenyltrichloroethane) was the first to display the issues associated with large-scale pesticide use. Al Gore's work concerned global warming and the other answer choices are more associated with historical events rather than environmental ones.
Rachel Carson's novel Silent Spring brought widespread attention to the damage of bioaccumulation in ecosystems. Her outcry against the dangerous chemical DDT (dichlorophenyltrichloroethane) was the first to display the issues associated with large-scale pesticide use. Al Gore's work concerned global warming and the other answer choices are more associated with historical events rather than environmental ones.
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What is the difference between chronic and acute exposure?
What is the difference between chronic and acute exposure?
Acute exposure is an exposure to a substance over a short period of time in a relatively high concentration. Conversely, chronic exposure occurs over long periods of time at relatively lower concentrations. Toxicity and hazard depend of the circumstance of the substance, not the type of exposure. Acute exposure may or may not be more hazardous or toxic than chronic exposure to the same substance.
Acute exposure is an exposure to a substance over a short period of time in a relatively high concentration. Conversely, chronic exposure occurs over long periods of time at relatively lower concentrations. Toxicity and hazard depend of the circumstance of the substance, not the type of exposure. Acute exposure may or may not be more hazardous or toxic than chronic exposure to the same substance.
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In the US, we regulate major pollutants that cause detrimental effects to humans and the environment. In 1970, an act was signed into law that gave the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) permission to regulate pollutants and it sparked the environmental movement. What is this important act called?
In the US, we regulate major pollutants that cause detrimental effects to humans and the environment. In 1970, an act was signed into law that gave the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) permission to regulate pollutants and it sparked the environmental movement. What is this important act called?
The correct response is Clean Air Act. The signing of this act set a precedent that allowed for the signing of additional environmental acts. This act banned toxic chlorofluorocarbons that had caused the whole in the ozone layer. The Clean Air Act gave the EPA permission to regulate, establish laws, and fine individuals and businesses for violating the act.
The correct response is Clean Air Act. The signing of this act set a precedent that allowed for the signing of additional environmental acts. This act banned toxic chlorofluorocarbons that had caused the whole in the ozone layer. The Clean Air Act gave the EPA permission to regulate, establish laws, and fine individuals and businesses for violating the act.
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