Elements, Ions, and Isotopes - AP Chemistry
Card 0 of 20
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
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An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
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What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before 
, in this case 
, then write the rest of the electron configuration as normal.
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before
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The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before , in this case , then write the rest of the electron configuration as normal.
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before , in this case , then write the rest of the electron configuration as normal.
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As atomic radius decreases, the force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its electrons __________.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
As the atomic radius decreases, electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus. Since the electromagnetic force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons is a function of distance, the force of attraction, or effective nuclear charge, exerted on each electron will be greater.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
An electron falling to a lower energy level gives off a blue glow (λ=475nm). How much energy is emitted?
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
E=hf, or E=hc/λ
h is Planck's constant with a value of 6.62606957 × 10-34 m2 kg / s. Converting 475nm to m gives 4.75x10-7m. c is the speed of light with 3x108m/s. Putting these variables into the second equation you get 4.174x10-19J
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for gallium?
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before , in this case , then write the rest of the electron configuration as normal.
To write out the shorthand electronic configuration for Ga, you simply write down the noble gas that that comes before
Compare your answer with the correct one above
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________.
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, because no two elements have the same number of protons. It is however possible for different elements to have the same number of electrons (through the loss or gain of electrons) or neutrons (isotopes).
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What kind of radiation has no charge or mass?
What kind of radiation has no charge or mass?
This is the definition of gamma radiation.
This is the definition of gamma radiation.
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Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay. Which nucleus is formed as a result of this decay?
Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay. Which nucleus is formed as a result of this decay?
In alpha decay, an element loses the equivalent of a helium nucleus, or 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Uranium-238 has an atomic number of 92 and a mass of 238 units, so the product of alpha decay will have an atomic number of 90 and a mass of 234 units. This corresponds to thorium-234.
In alpha decay, an element loses the equivalent of a helium nucleus, or 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Uranium-238 has an atomic number of 92 and a mass of 238 units, so the product of alpha decay will have an atomic number of 90 and a mass of 234 units. This corresponds to thorium-234.
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Am-242 undergoes beta-decay at a half-life of 16 hours. If a chemist starts with a sample of 
of Am-242 and allows it to undergo beta-decay, how much of the original sample remains after 4 days?
Am-242 undergoes beta-decay at a half-life of 16 hours. If a chemist starts with a sample of
With each half-life, the amount of Am-242 is halved. 4 days is 96 hours, which is 6 half-lives. For half-life questions use the formula:
Where 
is the number of half lives.
Thus 
of Am-242 is left after 4 days.
With each half-life, the amount of Am-242 is halved. 4 days is 96 hours, which is 6 half-lives. For half-life questions use the formula:
Where
Thus
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Consider the following isotope of thorium:
What is the identity of the product following three alpha decay reactions?
Consider the following isotope of thorium:
What is the identity of the product following three alpha decay reactions?
During alpha decay, an element emits a helium nucleus with 2 neutrons and 2 protons. Thus, the atomic mass of the new element is decreased by four, and the atomic number is decreased by two.
Three subsequent alpha decays result in a new element with an atomic mass of 232 - 3(4) = 220, and a new atomic number of 90 - 3(2) = 84.
Using the periodic table, we find the element with this atomic number is polonium (Po).
During alpha decay, an element emits a helium nucleus with 2 neutrons and 2 protons. Thus, the atomic mass of the new element is decreased by four, and the atomic number is decreased by two.
Three subsequent alpha decays result in a new element with an atomic mass of 232 - 3(4) = 220, and a new atomic number of 90 - 3(2) = 84.
Using the periodic table, we find the element with this atomic number is polonium (Po).
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