None of the above

Na experiences a greater shielding effect from the 2s and 1s electrons making the 3s electrons easier to remove.

Na experiences a larger effective nuclear charge on the 3s electrons and are thus harder to remove.

Mg experiences a larger effective nuclear charge and has more electrons in the 3s orbital.

Mg is larger in size making the electrons in the 3s orbital farther from the nucleus and thus easier to remove

None of the above

Ne

C

Li

Na

N

Nitrogen is larger than oxygen thus making the 1s electrons easier to remove.

The effective nuclear charge on oxygen is greater than that of nitrogen.

There is a greater degree of electron shielding occurring in the oxygen 2p orbital.

Nitrogen has 3 p-electrons and are thus unpaired leading to lower electron-electron repulsions.

Oxygen has more electrons and thus a greater amount of electron-electron repulsion present in the atom.