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In which component of the digestive tract does no digestion occur?
The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis, which consists of smooth muscle contractions, but does not help digest the food content in the process. The mouth, stomach, and small intestine, however, all help in the process of food digestion. The mouth introduces enzymes in the saliva, the stomach introduces pepsin, and the small intestine introduces a number of other enzymes for digestion of macromolecules.
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Which of the following choices incorrectly pairs a digestive enzyme with the digestive tract component in which it is found?
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the duodenum to signal and stimulate accessory organs for digestive enzymes. Salivary amylase digests starch in the mouth, while pepsin is used to digest proteins in the stomach.
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Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Methane is produced in the cecum as a result of blind outpocketing, during which E. coli organisms release the gas as a biproduct of digestion. Detoxing chemicals from the blood, forming urea, and producing bile are just three of the functions of the liver.
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Which of the following is not a part of the pathway of food through the digestive tract?
Food travels in this order through the digestive tract: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
The larynx is commonly confused with the pharynx due to their similar names, but it is actually involved in speaking or making sounds. The pharynx splits into the trachea and esophagus. Food and liquids travel down the esophagus, while air travels down the trachea; the larynx is located at the top of the trachea.
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Which structure separates the esophagus from the mouth?
After entering the mouth, food is transferred to the pharynx before entering the esophagus. The pharynx is located immediately above the epiglottis, meaning that both food and air can enter the pharynx. The epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent food from entering, and forces food to travel down the esophagus instead. After food travels through the esophagus it enters the stomach. The pyloric sphincter then separates the stomach from the small intestine.
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What structure prevents a bolus from entering the trachea?
The epiglottis is a structure that folds forward to cover the trachea when swallowing. It helps to direct food to the esophagus instead of the trachea, preventing liquids and solids from entering the lungs.
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In which region of the upper digestive tract does food transition into chyme?
Chyme is formed during the initial breakdown of food. Food is turned into chyme in the stomach due to the combination of smooth muscle contractions and the chemical action of hydrochloric acid. These processes serve to digest the food both mechanically and chemically.
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Which of the given answer choices is not a function of the liver?
The liver produces bile, which is then stored in the gall bladder. It also stores vitamins and iron, and produces glycogen. The liver is also responsible for detoxification of several metabolites, but it does not produce insulin. Insulin secreted by the pancreas. Other functions of the liver include: synthesis of blood proteins, breakdown of lipids, recycling red blood cells, and glycogen breakdown.
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Through which sphincter will a bolus pass to enter the stomach? Is this under control of the parasympathetic of sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
The contraction and relaxation of a layer of smooth muscle at the junction of the esophagus (-esophageal) and the stomach (gastro-) allows for the bolus to pass into the stomach upon relaxation, and by contraction keeps the bolus, acid, and other stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus from the stomach. This sphincter is under vagus nerve control, thus, the parasympathetic nervous system.
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What is the correct order that a bolus of food will pass through the small intestine?
The correct order that the food will pass as is first the duodenum, then the jejunum and finally the ileum. These are all sections or portions of the small intestine, the organ responsible for the vast majority of absorption of nutrients from food before it is passed on to the large intestine, where water, vitamins, minerals, and any other remaining nutrients are absorbed into the body.
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Parietal cells in the stomach secrete which of these?
In the stomach, both hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are secreted by gastric pits. Parietal cells in these pits secrete hydrochloric acid while chief cells in these pits secrete pepsinogen. Note that pepsinogen is inactive, and gets activated into pepsin via hydrochloric acid.
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Removal of the gall bladder from the human body would most likely result in which of the following?
The gallbladder is found underneath the liver. The gallbladder is the storage place of bile, which helps to emulsify fats. Bile is necessary for the digestive system to break down fat. Removal of the gallbladder can result in fat malabsorption, which can present as loose stool.
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The esophagus is able to swallow liquids upside down, proving that swallowing is a process that does not depend on gravity. What is the name of this process?
Peristalsis is the correct answer here. Peristalsis is the process of muscles contracting and relaxing in order to facilitate movement.
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In which component of the digestive tract does no digestion occur?
The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis, which consists of smooth muscle contractions, but does not help digest the food content in the process. The mouth, stomach, and small intestine, however, all help in the process of food digestion. The mouth introduces enzymes in the saliva, the stomach introduces pepsin, and the small intestine introduces a number of other enzymes for digestion of macromolecules.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following choices incorrectly pairs a digestive enzyme with the digestive tract component in which it is found?
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the duodenum to signal and stimulate accessory organs for digestive enzymes. Salivary amylase digests starch in the mouth, while pepsin is used to digest proteins in the stomach.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Methane is produced in the cecum as a result of blind outpocketing, during which E. coli organisms release the gas as a biproduct of digestion. Detoxing chemicals from the blood, forming urea, and producing bile are just three of the functions of the liver.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following is not a part of the pathway of food through the digestive tract?
Food travels in this order through the digestive tract: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
The larynx is commonly confused with the pharynx due to their similar names, but it is actually involved in speaking or making sounds. The pharynx splits into the trachea and esophagus. Food and liquids travel down the esophagus, while air travels down the trachea; the larynx is located at the top of the trachea.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which structure separates the esophagus from the mouth?
After entering the mouth, food is transferred to the pharynx before entering the esophagus. The pharynx is located immediately above the epiglottis, meaning that both food and air can enter the pharynx. The epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent food from entering, and forces food to travel down the esophagus instead. After food travels through the esophagus it enters the stomach. The pyloric sphincter then separates the stomach from the small intestine.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What structure prevents a bolus from entering the trachea?
The epiglottis is a structure that folds forward to cover the trachea when swallowing. It helps to direct food to the esophagus instead of the trachea, preventing liquids and solids from entering the lungs.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
In which region of the upper digestive tract does food transition into chyme?
Chyme is formed during the initial breakdown of food. Food is turned into chyme in the stomach due to the combination of smooth muscle contractions and the chemical action of hydrochloric acid. These processes serve to digest the food both mechanically and chemically.
Compare your answer with the correct one above