Deletion

Insertion

Point mutation

Substitution

Point

Insertion

Deletion

Substitution

Cause a frameshift mutation

Cause a deletion

Cause a point mutation

Prevent RNA polymerase from binding

There is no change to the peptide product

Early termination of translation

A shift in the reading frame that results in a nearly completely different protein

Inclusion of a different amino acid

Short cycles of RNA synthesis

The inability of the initiation complex to form

Arrest of transcription due to error

RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter sequence

Deletion

Insertion

Substitution

Frameshift