B-lymphocytes, usually with input from helper T-lymphocytes

Helper T-lymphocytes, usually with input from B-lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

Dendritic cells

B-lymphocytes, usually with input from helper T-lymphocytes

Helper T-lymphocytes, usually with input from B-lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

Dendritic cells

TLRs control B-cell clonal selection

TLRs recognize different specific components of pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharides

Activation of TLRs stimulates an inflammatory response

TLRs are found in innate immune cells

Presentation of short peptide fragments that are recognized by cytotoxic T-cells

Presentation of short peptide fragments to MHC class II molecules

Activation of the complement cascade

Stimulate production of interferon gamma

Blood plasma, tissue fluid, and on the surface of some immune cells

The linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Only in the blood plasma

Only in the blood plasma and certain secretions

Blood plasma, tissue fluid, and on the surface of some immune cells

The linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Only in the blood plasma

Only in the blood plasma and certain secretions

Presentation of short peptide fragments that are recognized by cytotoxic T-cells

Presentation of short peptide fragments to MHC class II molecules

Activation of the complement cascade

Stimulate production of interferon gamma

Recognition of traits specific to a particular pathogen

Response is driven by phagocytic cells

Acquired immunity is a rapid response

Recognition of shared traits by a wide array of pathogens

Use of basophils and mast cells to create inflammation

Plasma cells

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Macrophages

B-cells

Macrophages

Mast cells

Neutrophils

Dendritic cells