The Chemistry Behind Living Things

Life is built on complex chemical reactions involving organic molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Essential Molecules

• Proteins: Made of amino acids, they perform structural and catalytic roles.
• Enzymes: Special proteins that speed up (catalyze) biochemical reactions.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.
• Lipids and Carbohydrates: Provide energy storage and structural support.

Enzyme Action

Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed for reactions, making life possible at moderate temperatures.

\[ \text{Enzyme + Substrate} \rightarrow \text{Enzyme-Substrate Complex} \rightarrow \text{Enzyme + Product} \]

Real-World Connections

• Lactase is an enzyme that helps digest lactose in milk.
• DNA analysis is used in medicine and forensics.

Why It Matters

Every function in your body, from thinking to moving, depends on these molecules and reactions.