Physical Science - 4th Grade Science
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Alexis has to identify an invention in her home that converts one energy form into another. She has selected the lightbulb. The energy input into a light bulb is electrical. What type of energy is output from a lightbulb?
Alexis has to identify an invention in her home that converts one energy form into another. She has selected the lightbulb. The energy input into a light bulb is electrical. What type of energy is output from a lightbulb?
A lightbulb outputs heat and light after it has transformed the electrical energy it receives from the outlet or socket. Bulbs are one example of a household object that converts energy forms. An oven converts electrical energy into heat energy, a toaster concerts electrical into heat energy, and an alarm clock has an output of light and sound energy that is converted from electrical energy.
A lightbulb outputs heat and light after it has transformed the electrical energy it receives from the outlet or socket. Bulbs are one example of a household object that converts energy forms. An oven converts electrical energy into heat energy, a toaster concerts electrical into heat energy, and an alarm clock has an output of light and sound energy that is converted from electrical energy.
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Allison has to design a device that converts energy between two different forms. She decides she wants to convert electrical energy into motion and sound. Which invention should she model her design after?
Allison has to design a device that converts energy between two different forms. She decides she wants to convert electrical energy into motion and sound. Which invention should she model her design after?
The motor is an excellent invention for Allison to use as a model for her device. The engine is used to power machinery, vehicles, and even toys. The motor converts electrical energy into sound and motion, so the object it is powering can move. Allison can design an engine that uses alternative fuel, that produces more power, or motorized something no one has ever added the ability to.
The motor is an excellent invention for Allison to use as a model for her device. The engine is used to power machinery, vehicles, and even toys. The motor converts electrical energy into sound and motion, so the object it is powering can move. Allison can design an engine that uses alternative fuel, that produces more power, or motorized something no one has ever added the ability to.
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What is energy?
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or the ability to move an object. Energy cannot be made or destroyed; it can only be changed into different forms. Energy can be classified in two ways. First is potential energy, which is the amount of energy something has stored inside it. Next is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy.
Energy is the ability to do work or the ability to move an object. Energy cannot be made or destroyed; it can only be changed into different forms. Energy can be classified in two ways. First is potential energy, which is the amount of energy something has stored inside it. Next is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. Anything that is moving has kinetic energy.
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Mike designed a new firework for the holiday display. He spent weeks coming up with the perfect design to convert chemical energy into three forms of energy. Which three types of energy does a firework emit?
Mike designed a new firework for the holiday display. He spent weeks coming up with the perfect design to convert chemical energy into three forms of energy. Which three types of energy does a firework emit?
Fireworks emit three types of energy. The first is sound energy, which is caused by the chemical explosion and can be heard as a loud boom. The fireworks are ignited by lighting the central fuse that burns when the fireworks rise into the sky. Burning these different materials produces light. The colors seen in the show are determined by the amount of energy in heating different chemicals and fuel. The explosion also produces heat or thermal energy.
Fireworks emit three types of energy. The first is sound energy, which is caused by the chemical explosion and can be heard as a loud boom. The fireworks are ignited by lighting the central fuse that burns when the fireworks rise into the sky. Burning these different materials produces light. The colors seen in the show are determined by the amount of energy in heating different chemicals and fuel. The explosion also produces heat or thermal energy.
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Raena designed a new device that can convert energy forms. Her design can take electrical energy and turn it into thermal or heat energy. Which answer choice(s) are an example of this conversion?
Raena designed a new device that can convert energy forms. Her design can take electrical energy and turn it into thermal or heat energy. Which answer choice(s) are an example of this conversion?
Thermal energy is transferred to other objects causing them to heat up. A space heater is plugged into the wall, so it uses electrical power and converts it into heat energy to warm the room. The other response options have nothing to do with thermal energy and heating something.
Thermal energy is transferred to other objects causing them to heat up. A space heater is plugged into the wall, so it uses electrical power and converts it into heat energy to warm the room. The other response options have nothing to do with thermal energy and heating something.
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Meredith has to design a device that converts energy between two different forms. She decides she wants to convert electrical energy into sound and light. Which invention should she model her design after?
Meredith has to design a device that converts energy between two different forms. She decides she wants to convert electrical energy into sound and light. Which invention should she model her design after?
The television is an excellent invention for Meredith to use as a model for her device. The television converts electrical energy into sound and light, so it can relay the programming the viewer would like to watch. Meredith can think about how the electricity is transformed and try to create something that lights up and makes noise.
The television is an excellent invention for Meredith to use as a model for her device. The television converts electrical energy into sound and light, so it can relay the programming the viewer would like to watch. Meredith can think about how the electricity is transformed and try to create something that lights up and makes noise.
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Gasoline is put into cars to make them run. The ability of gas to power vehicles is an example of ________ energy. It is transformed into mechanical energy, sound, and light.
Gasoline is put into cars to make them run. The ability of gas to power vehicles is an example of ________ energy. It is transformed into mechanical energy, sound, and light.
In the car's engine, there is a transformation of chemical energy from the combustion of the gasoline into heat, which powers the engine to run. This energy is transformed into mechanical energy (or motion) when the car moves, light energy, and sound energy.
In the car's engine, there is a transformation of chemical energy from the combustion of the gasoline into heat, which powers the engine to run. This energy is transformed into mechanical energy (or motion) when the car moves, light energy, and sound energy.
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Marge wants to develop a device to convert energy forms and wants it to have little to no negative impact on the environment. Which type of energy should she use as her primary power source to accomplish this?
Marge wants to develop a device to convert energy forms and wants it to have little to no negative impact on the environment. Which type of energy should she use as her primary power source to accomplish this?
Many companies and even home inventors are turning to renewable resources to power their creations. Renewable resources have less of a negative impact on the planet when compared to traditional fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Solar power, wind energy, and hydropower are all examples of clean energy sources that Marge could use for her device.
Many companies and even home inventors are turning to renewable resources to power their creations. Renewable resources have less of a negative impact on the planet when compared to traditional fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Solar power, wind energy, and hydropower are all examples of clean energy sources that Marge could use for her device.
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True or False: One form of energy can transform (convert) into another.
True or False: One form of energy can transform (convert) into another.
The statement in the question is correct. Energy is transformed (converted) all of the time, and often we don't even realize it. Many objects in our home are plugged into electrical outlets and draw on electricity provided by a power plant; they then transform this electrical energy into something useful to meet our needs. Often we use batteries to power objects; this is a conversion of chemical energy. A few examples you may have in your home include a toaster converting electrical energy into thermal and mechanical energy or a battery-powered flashlight converting chemical energy into light energy. You can search around your home and find lots of instances of energy transformation!
The statement in the question is correct. Energy is transformed (converted) all of the time, and often we don't even realize it. Many objects in our home are plugged into electrical outlets and draw on electricity provided by a power plant; they then transform this electrical energy into something useful to meet our needs. Often we use batteries to power objects; this is a conversion of chemical energy. A few examples you may have in your home include a toaster converting electrical energy into thermal and mechanical energy or a battery-powered flashlight converting chemical energy into light energy. You can search around your home and find lots of instances of energy transformation!
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True or False: When designing a device to convert energy it must use electricity to work.
True or False: When designing a device to convert energy it must use electricity to work.
The statement in the question is incorrect. Energy is transformed (converted) all of the time, and often we don't even realize it. Many objects in our home are plugged into electrical outlets and draw on electricity provided by a power plant; they then transform this electrical energy into something useful to meet our needs. But there are other types of energy transformation as well. Often we use batteries to power objects; this is a conversion of chemical energy. We apply heat to something like fireworks, and a chemical reaction occurs, transforming the powder inside into a flying display of beautiful colors and loud noises. Many homes use solar energy to power their devices and appliances within. Electricity is a popular choice for an energy source, but it is not the only option we have.
The statement in the question is incorrect. Energy is transformed (converted) all of the time, and often we don't even realize it. Many objects in our home are plugged into electrical outlets and draw on electricity provided by a power plant; they then transform this electrical energy into something useful to meet our needs. But there are other types of energy transformation as well. Often we use batteries to power objects; this is a conversion of chemical energy. We apply heat to something like fireworks, and a chemical reaction occurs, transforming the powder inside into a flying display of beautiful colors and loud noises. Many homes use solar energy to power their devices and appliances within. Electricity is a popular choice for an energy source, but it is not the only option we have.
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Glen and his friends Liam and London are going sledding at a local park. There are two hills to choose from, "The Bunny Slopes," which are small hills and lots of flat surfaces, and "The Dragon," which is a steep hill and not for beginners. Glen crashes a lot, and his friends are a little nervous. If Glen were to crash into Liam and London when they were sledding, how would the crash be different on "The Bunny Slopes" than "The Dragon"?
Glen and his friends Liam and London are going sledding at a local park. There are two hills to choose from, "The Bunny Slopes," which are small hills and lots of flat surfaces, and "The Dragon," which is a steep hill and not for beginners. Glen crashes a lot, and his friends are a little nervous. If Glen were to crash into Liam and London when they were sledding, how would the crash be different on "The Bunny Slopes" than "The Dragon"?
When Glen sleds down both of these hills, he will be traveling at a speed relative to the slope of the hill and gravity's pull. "The Dragon" is a much steeper and longer decline, so Glen will have more time to gain speed, which means more energy behind the collision. If Liam and London are down at the end of the slope and Glen crashes into them, the force will drive both of their sleds forward and slow or stop Glen's sled. The faster Glen is going, the more energy he has behind the impact.
When Glen sleds down both of these hills, he will be traveling at a speed relative to the slope of the hill and gravity's pull. "The Dragon" is a much steeper and longer decline, so Glen will have more time to gain speed, which means more energy behind the collision. If Liam and London are down at the end of the slope and Glen crashes into them, the force will drive both of their sleds forward and slow or stop Glen's sled. The faster Glen is going, the more energy he has behind the impact.
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Peter sets up his toy train on the railroad tracks he has in a straight line. He has a tool to measure the speed the train is traveling in centimeters/second when he pushes it to go. He set a box at the end of the ramp for the train to crash into. He measures in centimeters how far the train pushes the box and records the data in a table.
What would happen to the distance the box moves if the train increases in speed?
Peter sets up his toy train on the railroad tracks he has in a straight line. He has a tool to measure the speed the train is traveling in centimeters/second when he pushes it to go. He set a box at the end of the ramp for the train to crash into. He measures in centimeters how far the train pushes the box and records the data in a table.
What would happen to the distance the box moves if the train increases in speed?
Peter’s investigation was testing how the distance a box moved would change as the speed of a toy train increased or decreased. The pattern within the data table shows that the higher the rate of the train, the further the box moved. An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the box moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. So if he were to increase the speed of the train, the box would move a longer distance.
Peter’s investigation was testing how the distance a box moved would change as the speed of a toy train increased or decreased. The pattern within the data table shows that the higher the rate of the train, the further the box moved. An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the box moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. So if he were to increase the speed of the train, the box would move a longer distance.
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Mihika and Craig are racing cars down different sloped ramps. Mihika's car traveled down Slope A and Craig's traveled down Slope B. Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's. Why did her car travel further than Craig's?
Mihika and Craig are racing cars down different sloped ramps. Mihika's car traveled down Slope A and Craig's traveled down Slope B. Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's. Why did her car travel further than Craig's?
Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's and the children are wondering why this happened. Mihika has a very steep slope to her ramp which allows her toy car to travel faster and further. The more speed that the car can generate the more energy it has, this will allow the car to move further.
Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's and the children are wondering why this happened. Mihika has a very steep slope to her ramp which allows her toy car to travel faster and further. The more speed that the car can generate the more energy it has, this will allow the car to move further.
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Mihika and Craig are racing cars down different sloped ramps. Mihika's car traveled down Slope A and Craig's traveled down Slope B. Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's. Craig wants to beat her in the next trial. What can he do to his ramp to make his car travel further?
Mihika and Craig are racing cars down different sloped ramps. Mihika's car traveled down Slope A and Craig's traveled down Slope B. Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's. Craig wants to beat her in the next trial. What can he do to his ramp to make his car travel further?
Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's because her ramp was steeper. This allowed her car to gain more speed and gravity to have more of a pull on the vehicle. More energy and speed will enable the car to travel faster and further. If Craig makes his ramp steeper, he will have a chance of beating Mihika in the next trial. In theory, if his ramp is steeper than Mihika's, he should be able to gain more speed and more energy so the car will travel further.
Mihika's car traveled further than Craig's because her ramp was steeper. This allowed her car to gain more speed and gravity to have more of a pull on the vehicle. More energy and speed will enable the car to travel faster and further. If Craig makes his ramp steeper, he will have a chance of beating Mihika in the next trial. In theory, if his ramp is steeper than Mihika's, he should be able to gain more speed and more energy so the car will travel further.
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Peter sets up his toy train on the railroad tracks he has in a straight line. He has a tool to measure the speed the train is traveling in centimeters/second when he pushes it to go. He set a box at the end of the ramp for the train to crash into. He measures in centimeters how far the train pushes the box and records the data in a table.
What is Peter investigating in this experiment?
Peter sets up his toy train on the railroad tracks he has in a straight line. He has a tool to measure the speed the train is traveling in centimeters/second when he pushes it to go. He set a box at the end of the ramp for the train to crash into. He measures in centimeters how far the train pushes the box and records the data in a table.
What is Peter investigating in this experiment?
Peter’s investigation was testing how the distance a box moved would change as the speed of a toy train increased or decreased. The pattern within the data table shows that the higher the rate of the train, the further the box moved. An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the box moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. So if he were to increase the speed of the train, the box would move a longer distance.
Peter’s investigation was testing how the distance a box moved would change as the speed of a toy train increased or decreased. The pattern within the data table shows that the higher the rate of the train, the further the box moved. An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the box moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. So if he were to increase the speed of the train, the box would move a longer distance.
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Which of these has the most speed and energy?
Which of these has the most speed and energy?
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. A motorcycle driving down the road has the most speed and energy.
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. A motorcycle driving down the road has the most speed and energy.
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A pencil is on a teacher's desk.
Why does the pencil remain motionless and NOT fall to the ground?
A pencil is on a teacher's desk.
Why does the pencil remain motionless and NOT fall to the ground?
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. In this case, the pencil has no speed or kinetic energy of its own; the desk is exerting force upwards while gravity is exerting force downwards in equal amounts, so there is no change in motion for the pencil.
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. In this case, the pencil has no speed or kinetic energy of its own; the desk is exerting force upwards while gravity is exerting force downwards in equal amounts, so there is no change in motion for the pencil.
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Katie and Gordon were experimenting with two bowling balls. One of the bowling balls had a mass of 6 kilograms, and the other had a mass of 4 kilograms. They compared the force needed to roll each of the balls at the same speed. They also compared how much force it took to stop the balls when the balls were rolling at the same speed.
Which conclusion did the students MOST likely arrive at after experimenting with both bowling balls?
Katie and Gordon were experimenting with two bowling balls. One of the bowling balls had a mass of 6 kilograms, and the other had a mass of 4 kilograms. They compared the force needed to roll each of the balls at the same speed. They also compared how much force it took to stop the balls when the balls were rolling at the same speed.
Which conclusion did the students MOST likely arrive at after experimenting with both bowling balls?
Gordon and Katie most likely concluded that the bowling ball with the smaller mass was easiest to roll and stop than the ball with more mass. The smaller bowling ball would require less force to move and stop because it has less mass. The greater the mass, the more force is needed to make a change in motion.
Gordon and Katie most likely concluded that the bowling ball with the smaller mass was easiest to roll and stop than the ball with more mass. The smaller bowling ball would require less force to move and stop because it has less mass. The greater the mass, the more force is needed to make a change in motion.
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A group of students is investigating motion using a toy car, a ramp, and a plastic cup. The students place an empty plastic cup at the bottom of a ramp. Where on the ramp should the students release the car to push the plastic cup the farthest?
A group of students is investigating motion using a toy car, a ramp, and a plastic cup. The students place an empty plastic cup at the bottom of a ramp. Where on the ramp should the students release the car to push the plastic cup the farthest?
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. If the car is placed at the top of the ramp, it will have more force exerted on it from gravity pulling it towards the ground, more room to gather speed, and the steeper incline would allow for more force to be transferred to the plastic cup, therefore, moving it a further distance.
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. If the car is placed at the top of the ramp, it will have more force exerted on it from gravity pulling it towards the ground, more room to gather speed, and the steeper incline would allow for more force to be transferred to the plastic cup, therefore, moving it a further distance.
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Shakira ordered two bowling balls of the same size and type. She bought one pink ball and one orange ball. Shakira rolled each ball down the same lane at the bowling alley one time while a friend used her phone timer to measure the time it took for the balls to travel to the end of the lane. After rolling both balls down the same lane one time, they noticed that the pink ball made it to the end of the lane faster than the orange ball.
Which is the most likely reason that the pink ball moved faster than the orange ball?
Shakira ordered two bowling balls of the same size and type. She bought one pink ball and one orange ball. Shakira rolled each ball down the same lane at the bowling alley one time while a friend used her phone timer to measure the time it took for the balls to travel to the end of the lane. After rolling both balls down the same lane one time, they noticed that the pink ball made it to the end of the lane faster than the orange ball.
Which is the most likely reason that the pink ball moved faster than the orange ball?
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. If the pink ball had more force applied to it, then it would move faster down the lane when compared to the orange ball.
An inference can be made that the higher something’s speed is, the more energy it has. Higher amounts of energy will result in a more significant change of motion for the object it is acting on. When the speed decreases, the distance the object moves also decreases. There is a direct relationship between speed and energy. If the pink ball had more force applied to it, then it would move faster down the lane when compared to the orange ball.
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